human book said...

Tips on how to mismanage a country:



List of racial discriminations in Malaysia, practiced by government as well as government agencies.

This list is an open secret.
(so this list is not a secret)


Best verified by government itself because it got the statistics. This list is not in the order of importance, that means the first one on the list is not the most important and the last one on the list does not mean least important.This list is a common knowledge to a lot of Malaysians, especially those non-malays (Chinese, Ibans, Kadazans, Orang Asli, Tamils, etc) who were being racially discriminated. Figures in this list are estimates only and please take it as a guide only. Government of Malaysia has the most correct figures. Is government of Malaysia too ashamed to publish their racist acts by publishing racial statistics?

This list cover a period of about 50 years since independence (1957).

List of racial discriminations (Malaysia):

(1) Out of all the 5 major banks, only one bank is multi-racial, the rest are controlled by malays(2) 99% of Petronas directors are malays
(3) 3% of Petronas employees are Chinese
(4) 99% of 2000 Petronas gasoline stations are owned by malays
(5) 100% all contractors working under Petronas projects must be bumis status
(6) 0% of non-malay staffs is legally required in malay companies. But there must be 30% malay staffs in Chinese companies
(7) 5% of all new intake for government army, nurses, polices, is non-malays
(8) 2% is the present Chinese staff in Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF), drop from 40% in 1960
(9) 2% is the percentage of non-malay government servants in Putrajaya. But malays make up 98%
(10) 7% is the percentage of Chinese government servants in the whole government (in 2004), drop from 30% in 1960
(11) 95% of government contracts are given to malays
(12) 100% all business licensees are controlled by malay government e.g. Approved Permits, Taxi Permits, etc
(13) 80% of the Chinese rice millers in Kedah had to be sold to malay controlled Bernas in 1980s. Otherwise, life is make difficult for Chinese rice millers
(14) 100 big companies set up, managed and owned by Chinese Malaysians were taken over by government, and later managed by malays since 1970s e.g. MISC, UMBC, UTC, etc
(15) At least 10 Chinese owned bus companies (throughout Malaysia, throughout 40 years) had to be sold to MARA or other malay transport companies due to rejection by malay authority to Chinese application for bus routes and rejection for their application for new buses
(16) 2 Chinese taxi drivers were barred from driving in Johor Larkin bus station. There are about 30 taxi drivers and 3 are Chinese in October 2004. Spoiling taxi club properties was the reason given
(17) 0 non-malays are allowed to get shop lots in the new Muar bus station (November 2004)(18) 8000 billion ringgit is the total amount the government channeled to malay pockets through ASB, ASN, MARA, privatisation of government agencies, Tabung Haji etc, through NEP over 34 years period
(19) 48 Chinese primary schools closed down since 1968 - 2000
(20) 144 Indian primary schools closed down since 1968 - 2000
(21) 2637 malay primary schools built since 1968 - 2000
(22) 2.5% is government budget for Chinese primary schools. Indian schools got only 1%, malay schools got 96.5%
(23) While a Chinese parent with RM1000 salary (monthly) cannot get school-text-book-loan, a malay parent with RM2000 salary is eligible
(24) 10 all public universities vice chancellors are malays
(25) 5% - the government universities lecturers of non-malay origins had been reduced from about 70% in 1965 to only 5% in 2004
(26) Only 5% is given to non-malays for government scholarships over 40 years
(27) 0 Chinese or Indians were sent to Japan and Korea under "Look East Policy"
(28) 128 STPM Chinese top students could not get into the course that they aspired e.g. Medicine (in 2004)
(29) 10% place for non-bumi students for MARA science schools beginning from year 2003, but only 7% are filled. Before that it was 100% malays
(30) 50 cases whereby Chinese and Indian Malaysians, are beaten up in the National Service program in 2003
(31) 25% is Malaysian Chinese population in 2004, drop from 45% in 1957
(32) 7% is the present Malaysian Indians population (2004), a drop from 12% in 1957
(33) 2 million Chinese Malaysians had emigrated to overseas since 40 years ago
(34) 0.5 million Indian Malaysians had emigrated to overseas
(35) 3 million Indonesians had migrated into Malaysia and became Malaysian citizens with bumis status
(36) 600000 are the Chinese and Indian Malaysians with red IC and were rejected repeatedly when applying for citizenship for 40 years. Perhaps 60% of them had already passed away due to old age. This shows racism of how easily Indonesians got their citizenship compare with the Chinese and Indians
(37) 5% - 15% discount for a malay to buy a house, regardless whether the malay is poor or rich(38) 2% is what Chinese new villages get compare with 98% of what malay villages got for rural development budget
(39) 50 road names (at least) had been changed from Chinese names to other names
(40) 1 Dewan Gan Boon Leong (in Malacca) was altered to other name (e.g. Dewan Serbaguna or sort) when it was being officially used for a few days. Government try to shun Chinese names. This racism happened in around year 2000 or sort
(41) 0 churches/temples were built for each housing estate. But every housing estate got at least one mosque/surau built
(42) 3000 mosques/surau were built in all housing estates throughout Malaysia since 1970. No churches, no temples are required to be built in housing estates
(43) 1 Catholic church in Shah Alam took 20 years to apply to be constructed. But told by malay authority that it must look like a factory and not look like a church. Still not yet approved in 2004
(44) 1 publishing of Bible in Iban language banned (in 2002)
(45) 0 of the government TV stations (RTM1, RTM2, TV3) are directors of non-malay origins(46) 30 government produced TV dramas and films always showed that the bad guys had Chinese face, and the good guys had malay face. You can check it out since 1970s. Recent years, this tendency becomes less
(47) 10 times, at least, malays (especially Umno) had threatened to massacre the Chinese Malaysians using May 13 since 1969
(48) 20 constituencies won by DAP would not get funds from the government to develop. Or these Chinese majority constituencies would be the last to be developed
(49) 100 constituencies (parliaments and states) had been racistly re-delineated so Chinese voters were diluted that Chinese candidates, particularly DAP candidates lost in election since 1970s
(50) Only 3 out of 12 human rights items are ratified by Malaysia government since 1960
(51) 0 - elimination of all forms of racial discrimination (UN Human Rights) is not ratified by Malaysia government since 1960s
(52) 20 reported cases whereby malay ambulance attendances treated Chinese patients inhumanely, and malay government hospital staffs purposely delay attending to Chinese patients in 2003. Unreported cases may be 200
(53) 50 cases each year whereby Chinese, especially Chinese youths being beaten up by malay youths in public places. We may check at police reports provided the police took the report, otherwise there will be no record
(54) 20 cases every year whereby Chinese drivers who accidentally knocked down malays were seriously assaulted or killed by malays
(55) 12% is what ASB/ASN got per annum while banks fixed deposit is only about 3.5% per annum



There are hundreds more racial discriminations in Malaysia to add to this list of "colossal" racism. It is hope that the victims of racism will write in to expose racism. Malaysia government should publish statistics showing how much malays had benefited from the "special rights" of malays and at the same time tell the statistics of how much other minority races are being discriminated. Hence, the responsibility lies in the Malaysia government itself to publish unadulterated statistics of racial discrimination. If the Malaysia government hides the statistics above, then there must be some evil doings, immoral doings, shameful doings and sinful doings, like the Nazi, going on onto the non-malays of Malaysia.Civilized nation, unlike evil Nazi, must publish statistics to show its treatment on its minority races. This is what Malaysia must publish……….


We are asking for the publication of the statistics showing how "implementation of special rights of malays" had inflicted colossal racial discrimination onto non-malays.

Peter Green's Story...

"he was the only one who sent a shiver down my spine." B.B King

To have that accolade from Old B.B. King is really something but Peter Green was really something, really...He was the one with a conscience about the starving world when he came into money and he made his gifts of 700 and was labelled crazy...But he is not and he is still my guitar god. He bestowed on us his hilariously funny lines thus :

I can't help about the shape I'm in
I can't sing, I ain't pretty and my legs are thin
But don't ask me what I think of you
I might not give the answer that you want me to

Oh well

Now, when I talked to God I knew he'd understand
He said, "Stick by my side and I'll be your guiding hand
But don't ask me what I think of you
I might not give the answer that you want me to"

Oh well


A playlist of his story in 12 parts and it is good to see
that he has recovered and to put myths to rest
to alot of stories about him that was circulating.
Good that he is still making music...
http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=1E112D365FFF7DF4&search_query=peter+green%27s+story



Oh well... He replaced Eric Clapton,
He was the Man Of The World,
He gave us that Black Magic Woman...
And he made Carlos Santana too...

冲动的惩罚-刀郎...Aku Tak mabuk, Kau Tak Cantik...

malam tu, ku mabuk
ku meramas-ramas tangan mu,
membebel yang tak betul betul,
ku terpesona....


Harap di ampuni, aku yang mengelirukan, kat sini.
hahahahaa....Tetapi, aku betul tak jemu dengan lagu ini.
Kalau ikut liriknya, ada juga kebetulan di sini,
terumbang ambing, seperti dalam buaian ombak, terlena
dalam mimpi yang indah, jatuhan cinta pandangan pertama.
Selesa dalam ciuman kewangian, tak dosa....



那夜我喝醉了拉着你的手胡乱的说话
只顾着自己心中压抑的想法狂乱的表达
我迷醉的眼睛已看不清你表情
忘记了你当时会有怎样的反应
我拉着你的手放在我手心
我错误的感觉到你也没有生气
所以我以为
你会明白我的良苦用心
直到你转身离去的那一刻起逐渐的清醒
才知道我把我世界强加给你还需要勇气
在你的内心里是怎样的对待感情
直到现在你都没有对我提起
我自说自话简单的想法
在你看来这根本就是一个笑话
所以我伤悲
尽管手中还残留着你的香味
如果那天你不知道我喝了多少杯
你就不会明白你究竟有多美
我也不会相信第一次看见你
就爱你爱的那么干脆
可是我相信我心中的感觉
它来的那么快来的那么直接
就算我心狂野
无法将火熄灭
我依然相信是老天让你我相约
如果说没有闻到残留手中你的香水
我绝对不会辗转反侧难以入睡
就想着你的美
闻着你的香味
在冰与火的情欲中挣扎徘徊
如果说不是老天让缘分把我捉弄
想到你我就不会那么心痛
就把你忘记吧
应该把你忘了
这是对冲动最好的惩罚
吉他
这是对冲动最好的惩罚
啊.........




I was drunk that night holding your hand casually remarks
Treating his mind the idea of suppressing the expression of frenzy
I have been fascinated by eyes to see your face unclear
Did you forget what the reaction would be
I took the palm of your hand onto mine
I have the wrong feel that you do not angry
So I thought...
You will understand my good intentions cherished

Until you walked away the moment began to sober
I know my world, you also need the courage to impose
In your mind what kind of treatment within the feelings of
Until now you had not told me about
I am simply stating his own ideas
In your opinion, this is simply a joke
So I'm sad

While still remained in the hands of your smell
If that day you do not know how many cups I drank
You do not know how beautiful you really
I will not believe the first time I saw you
Will love you just love it
However, I believe the feeling of my heart
It is coming Come in less direct
Even if I'm Wild at Heart
Unable to extinguish the fire
I believed that Heaven let you and me met
If there is no smell left in the hands of your perfume
I certainly do not tossing it difficult to fall asleep
Thinking of you on the beauty of
Smell the scent of your
The passions of the Ice and Fire vacillated
If not Heaven let me make fun of fate
Think of you and I would be less heartache
Put you forget Bar
Should you forget
This is the impulse to punish the best

Atanatiya Paritta

Atanatiya Paritta - A Gifted Poem To Gotama Buddha And All Of Us From The Four Heavenly Kings.





This protection paritta is the trumpcard against all evils.
Please do no evil with this because sometimes not everything is what it seemed.


http://beemp3.com/download.php?file=5513124&song=Atanatiya+Paritta

	Abhayagiri Monastics - Atanatiya Paritta .mp3
	Found at bee mp3 search engine

102. appasannehi Nathassa, sasane sadliusammate; amanussehi candehi, sada kibbisakaribhi.
In order that the hostile inhuman beings, who are always evil-doers and who do not have faith in this well-esteemed religion of the Lord (Buddha),

103. parisanam catassannam, ahimsaya ca guttiya; yam desesi Mahaviro, parittam tam bhanama he,
may not injure the four social classes and may protect the society from dangers, the Almighty Hero has expounded this discourse of protection. Oh thou! Let us recite this Atanata paritta now.

104. Vipassissa ca namatthu, cakkhumantassa sirimato; Sikkissapi ca namatthu, sabbabhutanukampino.

Homage to Vipassi Buddha, possessed of the eyes of enlightenment and of glory. And Homage to Sikhi Buddha, the most compassionate towards all beings.

105. Vessabhussa ca namatthu, Nhatakassa tapassino; namatthu Kakusandhassa marasena-pamaddino.
Homage also to Vessabhu Buddha, washed clean from all defilements and endowed with ascetic spirit. Homage to Kakusandha Buddha too, the conqueror of the army of Death (Mara).

106. Konagamanassa namatthu, brahmanassa vusimato; Kassapassa ca namatthu, vippamuttassa sabbadhi.
Homage to Konagamana Buddha, who had abandoned all evils and lived the holy life.
Homage also to Kassapa Buddha, who had been emancipated from all defilements.

107. angirassassa namatthu, sakyaputtassa sirimato; yo imam dhammam desesi sabbadukkhapanudanam.
Homage to Buddha Gotama, whose body shined with radiating haloe, the son of Sakyan and with splendorous glory, who expounded this doctrine which eradicates all sufferings.

108. ye capi nibbuta loke, yathabhutam vipassisum; te jana apisunatha, mahanta vitasarada.
Whosoever have extinguished the flames of passion in this world as they have seen thoroughly the natural phenomena as they really are.
These persons never slander; but they are noble, and free from fear.

109. hitam devamanussanam, yam namassanti Gotamam; vijjacaranaasampannam, mahantam vitasaradam.
They worship Gotama Buddha, the benefactor of gods and men, endowed with knowledge and good conduct, noble and fearless.

110. ete canne ca sambuddha, anekasatakotiyo; sabbe Buddha samasama, sabbe Buddba mahiddhika.
These seven and other hundred crores of self-enlightened Buddhas are all equally peerless ones.
All Buddhas are powerful ones.

111. sabbe dasabalupeta, vesarajjeh-upagata; sabbe te patijananti,. asabham thanamuttamam.
All are endowed with ten strengths; they are equipped with courage. All these Buddhas admitted to be 'the knowers of supreme state of Enlightenment.

112. sihanadam nadante-te, parisasu visarada; brahmacakkam pavattenti, loke appativattiyam.
These Buddhas expound bravely to the audience like the Lion-roar; they propagate the Noble Wheel of Law in the world which cannot be done by ordinary world lings.

113. upeta buddhadhammehi, attharasahi nayaka; battimsalakkhanupeta, sitanubyanjanadhara
These Patrons are equipped with eighteen virtues of the Buddha's Dhamma. They are born with thirty two major characteristics and eighty minor characteristics of the great man.

114. byamappabhaya suppabha, sabbe te munikunjara; buddha sabbanuno ete, sabbe khinasava jina.
All these Buddhas, are noble sages, who shine with the surrounding halo of about the length of one stretched-arm. These Buddhas are all Omniscient Ones; and are Conquerors of Mara (Death) who have uprooted the defilements.

115. mahapabha mahateja, mahapanna mahabbala; mahakarunika dhira, sabbesanam sukhavaha.
They all are endowed with immense radiation light, of almighty power, of infinite wisdom, and of immutable strength.
They are most compassionate and industrious benefactors of all beings.

116. dipa natha patittha ca, tana lena ca paninam; gati bandhu mahessasa, sarana ca hitesino.
They all are the Islands, the Lords, the Foot-holds, the Protectors, and the Secured Haven of the creatures. The Transcendental Goals, the Relatives, the Glorious Saviours, the Refuges, and the Well-wishers.

117. sadevakassa lokassa, sabbe ete parayana; tesa'ham sirasa pade, vandami purisuttame.
They all are revered by the world of gods and men. I worship the feet of these Supreme Ones with my head.

118. vacasa manasa ceva, vandam-ete Tathagate; sayane asane thane, gamane capi sabbada.
I worship these Tathagatas by means of Word and thought, always; even when I am lying, sitting, standing or walking.

119. sada sukkhena rakkhantu, Buddha santikara tuvam; tehi tvam rakkhito santo, mutto sabbabhayehi ca.
The Buddhas, the Peace-makers may always protect you to be happy.
By these Buddhas, may you be protected so that you may be liberated from all calamities.

120. sabbaroga vinimutto, sabbasantapa vajjito; sabbaveram-atikkanto, nibbuto ca tuvam bhava.
May you be emancipated from all diseases.
May you be free from all scorching worries.
May you overcome all the enemies. And may you be blissful.

121. tesam saccena silena, khantimettabalena ca; tepi amhe-nurakkhantu, arogena sukhena ca.
By the power of their truth, virtue, patience, loving kindness and might, they may also protect us to be healthy and happy.

122. puratthimasmim disabhage, santi bhuta mahiddhika; tepi amhe-nurakkhantu, arogena sukhena ca.
In the eastern region there are powerful great deities (bhutas). They may also protect us to be healthy and happy.

123. dakkhinasamim disabhage; santi deva mahiddhika; tepi amhe-nurakkhantu, arogena sukhena ca.
In the southern region, there are great powerful gods (devas) They may also protect us to be healthy and happy.

124. pacchimastmim disabhage, santi naga mahiddhika; tepi amhe-nurakkhantu, arogena sukhena ca.
In the western region there are great powerful dragon snakes (nagas). They may also protect us to be healthy and happy

125. uttarasmim disabbage, santi yakkha mahiddhika; tepi amhe-nurakkhantu, arogena sukkhena ca.
In the northern region there are great powerful ogres (genii yakkhas). They may also protect us to be healthy and happy.

126. puratthimena Dhatarattho, dakkhinena Virulhako; pacchimena Virupakkho, Kuvero uttaram disam.

King Dhatarattha in the east,
King Virulhaka in the south,
King Virupakkha in the west
King Kuvera in the north,


127. cattaro te maharaja, lokapala yasassino; tepi amhe-nurakkhantu, arogena sukhena ca.
These four great kings are famous guardian spirits of the world.
They may also protect us to be healthy and happy.

128. akisattha ca bhumattha, deva naga mahiddhika; tepi amhe-nurakkhantu, arogena sukhena ca.
There are great powerful gods and dragons, residing in the sky and on the earth.
They may also protect us to be healthy and happy.

129. iddhimanto ca ye deva, vasanta idha sasane; tepi amhe-nurakkhantu, arogena sukhena ca.
There are some powerful deities residing within the jurisdiction of this religion.
They may also protect us to be healthy and happy.

130. sabbitiyo vivajjantu, soko rogo vinassatu; ma te bhavantv-antaraya, sukhi dighayuko bhava.
May all the dangers be eradicated.
May worry and illness be dispelled.
May the calamities do not occur to you.
May you be blissful and long-lived.

131. . abhivadanasilissa, niccam vuddhapacayino;
cattaro dhamma vaddhanti, ayu vanno sukham balam.
To those who are endowed with the nature of piety and who always revere to the elders, these four boons shall prosper; namely longevity, beauty, happiness and strength.

The end of Atanatiya Paritta.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%




DISCOURSE ON ATANATIYA
(Atanatiya Sutta) (1)

Thus have I heard:

On one occasion the Blessed One was living on the Vulture's Peak near Rajagaha (Rajagir).

Then four great kings (2) having placed a guard over the four quarters, with a large army of Yakkhas, of Gandhabbas, of Kumbhandas, of Nagas; having placed troops; having placed a barricade of soldiers on four sides, came to the presence of the Blessed One, when the night was far advanced, illuminating the entire Vulture's Peak with their surpassing radiance, saluted the Blessed One and sat on one side. From among the (attendant) Yakkhas, some saluted the Blessed One, and sat on one side; some exchanged greetings with the Blessed One conversing in a friendly and courteous manner, and sat on one side; some saluted him with clasped hands, and sat on one side; some announced their name and lineage, and sat on one side; some sat on one side in silence.

Then the great King Vessavana (Skt. Vaisravana)(3), who was seated on one side, said to the Blessed One:

'Venerable Sir (bhante), there are eminent Yakkhas who are not pleased with the Blessed One, there are also eminent Yakkhas pleased with the Blessed One. There are Yakkhas of middle rank who are not pleased with the Blessed One, and there are those who are pleased with the Blessed One. There are Yakkhas of inferior rank who are not pleased with the Blessed One, and there are those who are pleased with the Blessed One. The Yakkhas, bhante, as a rule, are not pleased with the Blessed One. What is the reason for this?'

'Well, the Blessed One teaches the Dhamma to establish abstention from killing, from stealing, from sexual misconduct, from false speech, and from liquor that causes intoxication and negligence. To them such teaching is unpleasant and unpalatable.'

'Surely bhante, there are disciples of the Blessed One. They frequent the remote recesses of forest and woodland wilderness where there is no sound, no tumult, where breezes are void of human contact, and suitable for man's seclusion and quiet contemplation. There are eminent Yakkhas who haunt these forests, who have no faith in the word of the Blessed One.

Bhante, may the Blessed One learn the Atanata protection so that the displeased Yakkhas may be pleased, so that the monks and nuns, laymen and laywomen, may be at ease, guarded, protected and unharmed.'

The Blessed One gave consent by his silence. Then the great King Vessavana, knowing that the Blessed One has consented recited the Atanatiya protection:

1. Homage to Vipassi (the Buddha) possessed of the eye (of wisdom) and splendour. Homage to Sikhi (the Buddha) compassionate towards all beings.

2. Homage to Vessabhu (the Buddha) free from all defilements and possessed of ascetic energy. Homage to Kakusanda (the Buddha), the conqueror of (the five-fold) host of Mara.

3. Homage to Konagamana (the Buddha) who has shed all defilements, and had lived the holy life. Homage to Kassapa (the Buddha) who is fully freed from all defilements.

4. Homage to Angirasa (the Buddha Gotama), the son of the Sakyas, who is full of radiance, and who proclaimed the Dhamma that dispels all suffering.

5. Those in the world, who have extinguished (the flames of passion), and have perceived through insight (meditation), things as they really are, they never slander anyone; they are mighty men who are free from fear.

6. Gotama (the Buddha) dear to gods and men, endowed with knowledge and virtue (4), mighty and fearless, all do homage to him (homage be to him).

7-8. When the resplendent sun - offspring of Aditi - with its full orb, arises, then the night ceases, and it is called the day. The direction from which the sun rises (is the East). There exists the ocean deep and vast.

9. This - a spreading sheet of water - they know as the ocean. Where there is East (to the East of Mount Meru) they say that quarter is East.

10. Custodian of this quarter is a great king named Dhatarattha who has a retinue of attendants, and is sovereign lord of the Gandhabbas.

11. Attended by Ghandhabbas he enjoys their song and dance. Many are his (Datharatta's) sons, all of one name, so have I heard.

12-13. Eighty and ten and one are they, Inda their name, and mighty are they. They too, beholding the Buddha - Kinsman of the sun, mighty and fearless - salute him from afar: "Homage to thee, who art unique among mankind; glory to thee, the noblest among men."

14-15. As by thy omniscience (5), thou hast looked on (mankind with a knowing eye), even the non-humans pay reverence to thee. This we have often heard. We, therefore, request the Yakkhas to pay homage to Gotama, the Conqueror (the Buddha). They too say: "We reverence, Gotama, the Conqueror, we reverence Gotama who is endowed with knowledge and virtue."

16-18. The direction from where the petas (corpses), backbiters, murderers, the fierce brigands, and the deceitful are removed, is the direction (to the right of Mount Meru), and is called the quarter of the South. The custodian of this quarter is a great king named Virulha who has a retinue of attendants, and is the sovereign lord of Kumbhandas. Attended by the Kumbhandas he enjoys their song and dance.

19. Many are his (Virulha's) sons, all of one name, so have I heard. Eighty and ten and one are they, Inda their names, and mighty are they.

20. They too, beholding the Buddha - Kinsman of the sun, mighty and fearless - salute him from afar: "Homage to thee, who art unique among mankind; glory to thee, the highest among men."

21-22. As by thy omniscience, thou hast looked on (mankind with a knowing eye), even the non-humans pay reverence to thee. This we have often heard. We, therefore, request the Yakkhas to pay homage to Gotama, the Conqueror (the Buddha). They too say: "We reverence, Gotama, the Conqueror, we reverence Gotama who is endowed with knowledge and virtue."

23-24. When the resplendent sun - offspring of Aditi - with its full orb, sets, then the day ceases, and it is called night. The direction where the sun sets (is the West). There exists the ocean deep and vast.

25. This - a spreading sheet of water - they know as the ocean. Where there is West (to the West of Mount Meru) they say that quarter is West.

26. Custodians of this quarter is a great king named Virupakkha who has a retinue of attendants, and is sovereign lord of the Nagas.

27. Attended by Nagas he enjoys their song and dance. Many are his (Virupakkha's) sons, all of one name, so have I heard.

28-29. Eighty and ten and one are they, Inda their name, and mighty are they. They too, beholding the Buddha - Kinsman of the sun, mighty and fearless - salute him from afar: "Homage to thee, who art unique among mankind; glory to thee, the noblest among men."

30-31. As by thy omniscience, thou hast looked on (mankind with a knowing eye), even the non-humans pay reverence to thee. This we have often heard. We, therefore, request the Yakkhas to pay homage to Gotama, the Conqueror (the Buddha). They too say: "We reverence, Gotama, the Conqueror, we reverence Gotama who is endowed with knowledge and virtue."

32. Where lies delightful Uttarakuru (the Northern continent), where towers beautiful Mount Meru, there are born men who are selfless and unattached.

33. They neither sow the seed nor use (6) the plough. Spontaneously grown corn is there for them to enjoy.

34. The rice, purged of the red powder and of husk, clean and sweet-scented, is boiled in golden vessels; it is this that they partake of.

35. They make of cows a single-seated mount (like mounting on horse back) (7), and ride about from place to place.

36-37. They make use of women and men, girls and boys as vehicles, and travel from place to place in them.

38. Mounting on vehicles (on elephants and horses) they (the Yakkhas of King Vessavana) travel in every direction.

39. This king who has a retinue of attendants, is possessed of elephants and horses on which he rides. He also has celestial chariots, palaces and palanquins. He has cities well built in the celestial regions.

Their names are Atanata, Kusinata, Parakusinata, Natapuriya, Parakusitanata. To the North, the city of Kapilavata, to the South, Janogha, and cities named Navanavati, Ambara-ambaravati and the kingdom of Alakamanda. Happy one (addressing the Buddha), this Kuvera (another name for Vessavana) has a kingdom named Visna, therefore, the great king Kuvera is called Vessavana. There are Yakkhas (of this king) who hold investigations and make them known. They are Tatola, Tattala, Tatotala, Ojasi, Tejasi, Tatojasi, Suro, Raja (Sura-raja) Arittho, Nemi (Arittha-nemi). There (in Visana kingdom) lies the lake Dharani whence rain-clouds (drawing water) pour them forth. And there is also the hall named Bhagalavati where the Yakkhas assemble.

40. There (round about the hall) are trees bearing perpetual fruit. (On these trees) there are multitudes of birds. There also is heard the cry of peacocks and herons, and the melodious song of kokilas (the Indian cuckoo).

41. There (near the lake) the cry of the birds, who call 'Live ye! Live ye!' ('jivamjivaka') is heard. The bird Otthavacittaka ('O lift your hearts!'), the jungle fowls, the crabs and the Pokkharasataka birds roam the woods.

42. There the cry of the parot, the myna-birds and the dandamanavaka birds is heard. And Kuvera's lotus-lake ever lies in her beauty in all seasons.

43-44. That direction (to the North of Mount Meru) is called by people the quarter of the North. The custodian of this quarter is a great king named Kuvera who has a retinue of attendants, and is sovereign lord of the Yakkhas. Attended by the Yakkhas he enjoys their songs and dance.

45. Many are his (Kuvera's) sons, all of one name, so have I heard. Eighty and ten and one are they, Inda their names, and mighty are they.

46. They too, beholding the Buddha, kinsman of the sun, mighty and fearless, salute him from afar: "Homage to thee, who art unique among mankind! Glory to thee, the noblest among men."

47-48. As by thy pure omniscience thou hast looked on (mankind); even the non-humans pay reverence to thee, this we have heard. We, therefore, request the Yakkhas to pay homage to Gotama, the Conqueror (the Buddha). They, too, say, "We reverence Gotama, the Conqueror, we reverence Gotama who is endowed with knowledge and virtue".

'Happy One, this is the Atanata protection whereby both the monks and nuns, laymen and laywomen may live at ease, guarded, protected and unharmed.

If any monk or nun, layman or laywoman learns by heart this Atanata protection, and be word-perfect in repeating it, and if any non-human male or female Yakkha, youth or maiden Yakkha, Yakkha Minister or any Yakkha, or Yakkha attendant; male or female Gandhabba…..(as before); male or female Kumbhanda…..male or female Naga…..were to walk with him or her, or stand or sit or lie down with him or her with malevolent intent, such a non-human, Happy One, will not obtain hospitality from any town or township, will not obtain a place to dwell, nor could live in the Kingdom of Alakamanda. He will not be able to attend the meetings of the Yakkhas. Further he would not be accepted or given in marriage, he would be reproached (by casting remarks on his deformed teeth or eyes or any part of the body), and the non-humans would put an empty bowl over his head and split it (head) in seven pieces.

Happy One, there are non-humans who are fierce, violent, given to retaliation; those non-humans heed neither the (four) great kings, nor their ministers nor their attendants. They are called rebels against the (four) great kings. Even as in the kingdom of Magadha, the thieves heed neither the king of Magadha, nor the ministers, nor their attendants, and are called rebels against the king of Magadha, so there are non-humans who are fierce…..(as before). They are called rebels against the (four) great kings.

Happy One, if any non-human - male or female Yakkha, youth or maiden Yakkha, yakkha minister or any Yakkha, or Yakkha attendant; male or female Gandhabba…..(as before); male or female Kumbhanda…..male or female Naga…..were to walk with a monk or nun, or a layman or laywoman, or stand, or sit, or lie down with him or her with malevolent intent, then should (the molested one) inform, cry aloud and shout to those Yakkhas, to the mighty Yakkhas, their commanders and chief commanders saying: "This Yakkha is seizing me, takes possession of me, is harassing me, assailing me, is harming me, harming me intensely and would not let me go!"

Who are the Yakkhas, mighty Yakkhas and commanders, and chief commanders (to whom such appeal should be made?)

49. Inda, Soma, and Varuna, Bharadvaja, Pajapati, Candana, Kamasettha too, Kinnughandu, Nigahandu;

50. Panada, Opamanna too, Devasuta and Matali, Cittasena and Gandhabba, Nala, Raja, Janesabha;

51. Satagira, Hemavata, Punnaka, Karatiya, Gula, Sivaka, Mucalinda too, Vessamitta, Yugandhara;

52. Gopala, Suppagedha too, Hiri, Netti and Mandiya, Pancalacanda, Alavaka, Pajjunna, Sumana, Sumukha, Dadimukkha,
With these Serisakka.

These are the Yakkhas, mighty Yakkhas, the commanders, the chief commanders to whom (the molested one) should inform, cry aloud and shout saying: "This Yakkha is seizing me, takes possession of me, is harassing me, assailing me, is harming me, and harming me intensely, and this Yakkha would not let me go!"

This, Happy One, is the Atanata protection whereby monks and nuns, laymen and laywomen may live at ease, guarded, protected and unharmed.

Happy One, we now take our leave of you; for we have many duties to attend to (so said the four Great Kings).'

'Great Kings, it is time for your departure' (replied the Buddha).

The four great kings arose from their seats, and saluting the Blessed One, circled round him on his right side, and there and then vanished. From among the (attendant) Yakkhas some arose from their seats, and saluted the Blessed One, circled round him on his right side, and there and then vanished; some exchanged greetings with the Blessed One conversing in a friendly and courteous manner, and there and then vanished; some saluted the Blessed One with clasped hands, and there and then vanished; some announced their name and lineage, and there and then vanished; some in silence there and then vanished.

When the night had passed the Blessed One addressed the monks: (The Buddha related to the monks word for word what has been said by the great King Vessavana, see above.) 'Learn by heart, monks, the Atanata protection, constantly make use of it, bear it in mind. This Atanata protection, monks, pertains to your welfare, and by virtue of it, monks and nuns, laymen and laywomen may live at ease, guarded, protected and unharmed.'

This the Blessed One said. Those monks glad at heart rejoiced at the words of the Blessed One.

Here Ends the Book of Protection



NOTES:
1. D.32
2. They are, Dhatarathha, Virulha, Virupakkha and Vessavana, presiding over the four quarters in the celestial regions.
3.Vessavana, King of the northern quarter, according to the commentary was familiar with the Buddha, expert in conversation, and well-disciplined, and thus he became the spokesman.
4. Vijja-carana, literally science and conduct.
5. Kusalena, an unusual phrase: 'omniscience', 'pure wisdom' sublime wisdom, Com.
6. Na piniyanti, literally they do not carry the plough.
7. Tam pitthim abhiruyha, mounting on the back, Com.

On one occasion, Lord Buddha was staying on the Vulture's Peak near Rajagaha. And four great kings, the guardian spirits of four quarters in the celestial regions, came to tell the Buddha that there were many demons in the land who neither believing in the Buddha nor abiding by the Five Precepts, frightened and attacked the disciple-monks and lay devotees who retire to lonely places for meditation.
Therefore the great king Vessavanna (or Kuvera) wanted to present the Atanata paritta to the Lord that it may be recited to make the displeased demons to be pleased; and consequently the monks, nuns, lay devotees may be at ease, guarded, protected and unharmed.
The Lord Buddha gave consent by his silence to approve the recitation of the said discourse. So King Vessavanna recited this paritta sutta.
Then the four great kings departed. When the night had passed the Buddha addressed the monks to learn the Atanata paritta by heart, to constantly use of it, and to bear it in mind.
This Atanata paritta pertains to the welfare of mankind and by virtue of it all the disciples and lay devotees can live at ease, guarded, protected and unharmed.
According to the commentary, King Vessvannahad a town called Atanata where the four great kings of the celestial regions assembled and recited this Paritta. Hence this discourse is known as Atanatiya Sutta.
The ancient Burmese monks who were experts in Pali language composed thirty stanzas of this sutta based upon six verses in the original text mentioned in Digha nikaya, Pathikavagga, Atanata sutta, concluding with an original verse from Dhammapada Pali (109).

http://beemp3.com/download.php?file=5513124&song=Atanatiya+Paritta

Thai Monks and Their Formal Rankings :- All 62 of Them

Monks’ Ranks and Titles

The special names and titles used for monks can be a very confusing matter. Basically, monks may be referred to according to three “traditions” or tendencies: titles from the Buddhist canon; a developed system of ranks unique to the Thai sangha; and colloquial terms of reverence. The use of these terms would depend on the context of the meeting. When referring to the length of time a monk has been in the order, a canonical reference may be used; in an urban, administrative setting, a formal rank/title might be applied; while out in the village setting, local people would most likely use more colloquial references.Upon ordination, a monk is given a new name, called a chaiya. This name usually comes from the Buddhist textual language, Pali. Regardless of other factors listed below, a monk may continue to be known by the Thai generic term for a monk — phra — coupled with this new name. The chaiya may be based on a part of the persons given name, such as initial consonants. For example, in the case of this Swedish foreigner, the name Olson might go to the Pali name Obhaso — “the shining one.” And so, one might be known as Phra Obhaso.
(Strictly speaking, however, some people suggest that a monk should be called Samana _____ or _____ Bhikkhu, until he has attained a title, after which he would be known as Phra + title + name. As with many things, actual practices are something different alltogether.) Once a monk attains other titles, these names might be dropped in favor of the titles, as we will see...

Canonical Tradition of Ranks according to the Vinaya
(all lists in descending order)

samanera (Thai, nen or samanen) — a novice monk who has yet to receive higher ordination

navaka — a newly ordained monk

nissaya-muttaka — a monk who has spent five years in the monkhood

majjhima — a monk who has spent between five to ten years in the Order (middle rank)

thera — a monk who has spent ten years or more in the monkhood and is eligible to be a preceptor (upajjhaya, one who ordains other monks)

maha-thera — often used to refer to a monk who has spent twenty years or more in the Order

In summary, monks are distinguished by the term navaka for those who have been in the Order five years or less, majjhima prior to the completion of ten years, thera after ten years. Maha-thera is occasionally used for monks who have been in the Order twenty years or more. Among laity, the terms thera and maha-thera are heard most often.

The Developed Thai System of Ranks

After higher ordination:

maha — a monk who has passed Pali grade 3 (parian 3)

[note: in the past this term was often extended to laity who had been in the Buddhist order and had been “schooled” in Buddhist knowledge. This term may also be used in a fond, somewhat facetious manner to refer to very reverential men who have spent time in the monkhood.]


Divisions of honorific titles/ranks:

I. phra khrusanyabat

II. phra racha khana (more colloquially known as a chao khun)

phra racha khana chan saman (“ordinary” class)
phra racha khana chan raj
phra racha khana chan thep
phra racha khana chan tham
phra racha khana chan rong somdet (“deputy” somdet, also known as chan phrom)

Monks with these titles would also have name ranks using the title as a kind of “prefix.” For example, a monk with a raj title may have the name/rank of Phra Rajakawi; with a thep ... Phra Thepkoson; and with tham may have the name of Phra Thammuni. To make matters a bit more confusing and research more challenging, many of these names are romanized according to the monk’s preference, which can often include a mix of Sanskrit, Pali, or Thai. For example, Phra Dhammapitaka romanizes his rank/name according to Pali instead of Thai (which would be Thammapitok).

III. somdet phra racha khana (full somdet rank)

There are about a handful of monks holding this rank. One of them will hold the highest title of Sangharaja, or Supreme Patriarch, of the Thai Buddhist Order.

Monks move through the ranks based on accomplishment and recognition of service. Monks may be recornized for scholarly study, assistance to other high ranking monks, or becoming an administrator (especially an abbot) at a (royal) temple. For example, A monk who is the abbot of a major royal temple, such as Wat Pho or Wat Mahathat would normally not have a rank below phra racha khana chan tham; or if his rank were lower, upon appointment he would receive a higher rank.

At official functions, monks sit in order of rank. All things being equal (rarely the case) the monk with the most tenure in the Order would sit ahead of another monk.


Some Examples of more Colloquial Thai Terms

luang phi — “Vernerable Elder,” a reverential term for a younger, freshly ordained monk
luang ta — “Vernerable Uncle,” a reverential term for an elderly monk without titles
luang pho — “Vernerable Father,” a reverential term for an elderly monk
chao khun — a monk who holds phra racha khana rank (see above) but not used for the Sangharaja

A growing number of people feel that the bureaucracy of the monkhood is ineffective and that there is far too much emphasis placed on rank. At any rate, it is clear the Thai penchant for hierarchy is mirrored in the system of ranks for monks.

Here is a look at their rankings; All 62 of them :-


Ranks in Detail

A List of Monk’s Ranks (and Rank Fans)Revised 2541 (1998)
According to the Council of Elders (Mahatherasamakhom)
at Meeting # 6/2541 on the 27th day of February 2541 (1998)

Somdetphraratchakhana
1. Somdet Phrasangkharatchao
2. Somdet Phrasangkharat
3. Somdet Phraratchakhana chan suphannabat

Phraratchakhana

4. Phraratchakhana chaokhanarong chan hiranyabat
5. Phraratchakhana chaokhanarong chan sanyabat
6. Phraratchakhana chan tham
7. Phraratchakhana chan thep
8. Phraratchakhana chan raj
9. Phraratchakhana chan saman
— Phraratchakhana palat khwa - palat sai
— Phraratchakhana rongchaokhana phak
— Phraratchakhana chaokhana changwat
— Phraratchakhana rongchaokhana changwat
— Phraratchakhana chan saman parian fai wiphatsana thura (vipassana dhura)
— Phraratchakhana chan saman parian po. tho. 9-8-7-6-5-4-3
— Phraratchakhana chan saman thiapparian fai wiphatsana thura (vipassana dhura)
— Phraratchakhana chan saman thiapparian
— Phraratchakhana chan samanyok fai wiphatsana thura (vipassana dhura)
— Phraratchakhana chan samanyok

(in the event of a royal kathin ceremony, an abbot of a certain temple may sit ahead of another monk with a higher rank)

Phrakhrusanyabat

10. Phrakhrusanyabat chaokhana changwat
11. Phrakhrusanyabat rongchaokhana changwat
12. Phrakhrusanyabat chaoawat phra aram luang chan-ek
13. Phrakhrusanyabat chaokhana amphoe chan-phiset
14. Phrakhrupalat khong somdet phraratchakhana
15. Phrapariantham 9 prayok
16. Phrakhrusanyabat chaoawat phra aram luang chan-tho
17. Phrakhrusanyabat chaokhana amphoe chan-ek
18. Phrakhrusanyabat chaoawat phra aram luang chan-tri
19. Phrakhrusanyabat chaokhana amphoe chan-tho
20. Phrakhrusanyabat rongchaoawat phra aram luang chan-ek
21. Phrakhrusanyabat rongchaoawat phra aram luang chan-tho
22. Phrakhrusanyabat rongchaoawat phra aram luang chan-tri
23. Phrakhrusanyabat phuchuai chaoawat phra aram luang chan-phiset (or the equivalent)
24. Phrakhrusanyabat phuchuai chaoawat phra aram luang chan-ek fai wiphatsana thura (vipassana dhura) (or the equivalent)
25. Phrakhrusanyabat phuchuai chaoawat phra aram luang chan-ek (or the equivalent)
26. Phrakhrupalat khong phraratchakhanarong chan hiranyabat
27. Phrakhrupalat khong phraratchakhanarong chan sanyabat
28. Phrakhruthananukrom chan-ek khong somdet phrasangkharat
29. Phrapariantham 8 prayok
30. Phrakhrusanyabat phuchuai chaoawat phra aram luang chan-tho (or the equivalent)
31. Phrapariantham 7 prayok
32. Phrakhrupalat khong phraratchakhana chan tham
33. Phrakhruthananukrom chan-tho khong somdet phra sangkharat (phrakhru parit)
34. Phrakhrusanyabat rongchaokhana amphoe chan-ek
35. Phrakhrusanyabat rongchaokhana amphoe chan-tho
36. Phrakhrusanyabat chaokhana tambon chan-ek fai wiphatsana thura (vipassana dhura)
37. Phrakhrusanyabat chaokhana tambon chan-ek
38. Phrakhrusanyabat chaokhana tambon chan-tho
39. Phrakhrusanyabat chaokhana tambon chan-tri
40. Phrakhrusanyabat chaoawat watrat chan-ek
41. Phrakhrusanyabat chaoawat watrat chan-tho fai wiphatsana thura (vipassana dhura)
42. Phrakhrusanyabat chaoawat watrat chan-tho
43. Phrakhrusanyabat chaoawat watrat chan-tri
44. Phrakhrusanyabat rongchaoawat watrat
45. Phrakhrusanyabat phuchuai chaoawat watrat
46. Phrapariantham 6 prayok
47. Phrapariantham 5 prayok
48. Phrakhrupalat khong phraratchakhana chan thep
49. Phrakhrupalat khong phraratchakhana chan thep
50. Phrakhru winaithon
51. Phrakhru thammathon
52. Phrakhru khusuat
53. Phrapariantham 4 prayok
54. Phrapalat khong phraratchakhana chan saman
55. Phrapariantham 3 prayok
56. Phrakhru rongkhusuat
57. Phrakhru sangkharak
58. Phrakhru samu
59. Phrakhru baithika
60. Phra samu
61. Phra baithika
62. Phra phithikam


Department of Religious Affairs27 February 2541
Note: The webmasters have added color to the text to indicate the nature of how the rank is attained. Black indicates a rank attained by “merit” (administration, work, or reputation) ; purple indicates a rank attained via educational accomplishments.